EatTheRich
President
Cont'd.: In July, following their denunciation by Brissot, the king's ministry resigned, and a proposal by Herault de Sechelles, backed by Brissot, was passed declaring Lafayette a danger to the homeland. Meanwhile in June the former Brissotin minister Joseph Servan had invited tens of thousands of rural National Guard troops to help the Brissotins take back Paris, a proposal passed by the Brissotin cotton merchant Pierre-Joseph Cambon over the opposition of both Vergniaud (seeking reconciliation with the king) and Robespierre (who feared the counter revolutionary potential of such a movement), and vetoed by the king. Meanwhile the Prussian general the Duke of Brunswick sent a manifesto to Paris promising vicious revenge should any harm come to the French royal family.
In August the national guards led by the Marseilles doctor Pierre Chaumette and the printer Antoine-Francois Momoro entered Paris despite the royal veto. Backed by Petion, Manuel, and thousands of citizens led by the brewers, in a bloody battle resulting in thousands of deaths on both sides, overthrew the Paris municipality led by Philippe Mandat, a royal ally, and established a new Commune led by Santerre.
On Vergniaud's proposal the Assembly in response voted to suspend the Executive power pending the election of a new National Convention, and on the proposal of his ally Jean Debry the Assembly voted without debate to make all male citizens over 25 electors, while rejecting the demand of Robespierre and Marat to have the Convention elected directly by the citizens rather than by electoral assemblies elected by them. All proposals vetoed by the king were immediately put into effect on a proposal of Vergniaud, and the Assembly passed an ordinance by the former bishop Francois Chabot, over opposition led by the marquis de Condorcet, a Lafayette ally, to abolish feudal dues without compensation. At this point Lafayette, whose dismissal, demanded by Dominique Anthoine, a Jewish house servant leading a Paris mob, had just been blocked by Vergniaud, deserted to the Austrians.
The assembly found and published letters detailing secret collusion between the king and queen and the Austrian and Prussian courts.
The left swept the elections in Paris and formed the Montagnard Party in the new assembly, while the provincial opposition to Paris was organized by the newly formed Girondins, with the majority of non-Paris deputies occupying the in-between position known as the Plaine.
The Montagnards supported by the Paris insurrection had the initiative in the new Convention and adopted the proposal of the actor and director Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois, supported by Gregoire, to abolish the monarchy; the proposal by Billaud-Varenne (opposed by the Girondin leader Marc Lasource, a Protestant minister) to order new elections for all judicial authorities nationwide, and the proposal by the journalist Jean-Lambert Tallien, opposed violently by Roland, to allow non-lawyers to be elected judges.
Following the September massacres the Girondins led by Lasource, the spice merchant Francois Rebecqui, Vergniaud, and the lawyer Charles Barbaroux denounced the left-wing "triumvirate" of Marat, Robespierre, and Danton. Danton resigned his new position as minister of justice, pledged to defend private property, and proposed the death penalty for anyone proposing a triumvirate or dictatorship, a proposal supported by Robespierre. Marat then rose and proposed to make himself dictator, a proposal denounced by Barbaroux and voted down by every other member of the assembly. But Georges Couthon, the wheelchair-bound lawyer from the Montagne, lauded Marat's honesty, pointed out that Danton and Robespierre had not supported him, and led a successful opposition to both Barbaroux's proposal to arrest the alleged triumvirs and Danton's proposal.
Roland and his ally Jean-Baptiste Louvet, an erotic novelist, again demanded Robespierre's arrest in November, and we're voted down, while Brissot was expelled by the Jacobins for supporting them.
Meanwhile Jean-Baptiste Mailhe, a lawyer of the Plaine, proposed the trial of the king for treason. This proposal was denounced by Saint-Just and Robespierre, who called for execution without trial, and by Vergniaud, who called for the electoral assemblies to vote on whether to try the king, but supported by Marat. The bishop Robert Lindet, then of the Plaine, led the prosecution, and he was convicted by the Convention. A proposal by Buzot to allow the assemblies to vote on his punishment and one by Petion to keep him as a hostage were defeated by Robespierre, who led the call for his execution.
In April 1793, following tumultuous months of war, rural and urban insurrection, and the treachery of Dumouriez, Lasource denounced Danton as an ally of Dumouriez. Danton responded by stirring up the Jacobins to demand the unseating of the Girondin deputies. Petion denounced Robespierre, who supported him, and Marat, who in turn denounced Petion. Guadet then had passed an act of accusation against Marat, who, supported by the left nationwide, was acquitted by the revolutionary tribunal and borne back to his seat in triumph by a mob led by Jacques Roux.
Desmoulins led a popular delegation of Paris printers and others to demand the arrest of several Girondin leaders. Petion demanded trial by the primary assemblies, but Vergniaud, hoping to avoid civil war, denounced the idea.
In May, Guadet demanded suppression of the Paris Commune. The Girondin journalist Bertrand Barere won passage of a substitute proposal to create a Commission of Twelve (appointed by the Girondin Convention and stacked with Girondins) to examine and "correct" the decisions of Paris. This commission immediately decreed the arrest of Hebert, the radical postal clerk Jean-Francois Varlet, and the leftist alderman Claude-Emmanuel Dobsen.
Delegates of the Commune led by Santerre protested the arrests and were met with threats by Isnard, president of the Convention. Claire Lacombe and the Club of Revolutionary Republican Women, backed by Robespierre, led demonstrations demanding freedom for the accused. The Montagnard lawyer Jacques-Alexis Thuriot led a proposal, backed by Danton and Robespierre over Isnard's objections, to dissolve the Commission of Twelve, free the accused men, and replace Isnard with Herault DE Sechelles.
Dobsen, Chaumette, and Francois Hanriot, a Paris clerk-turned-insurrectionary leader, invaded the Convention in league with Robespierre and Couthon to demand the resignation (Isnard and others) and/or arrest (Vergniaud, Brissot, Lanjuinais, Barbaroux, and others) of the leading Girondin deputies as well as the former Brissotin ministers.
The victorious Montagne, led by Couthon, Saint-Just, and Herault de Sechelles, passed a new constitution, supported by Robespierre but denounced by Jacques Roux, the radical "Enrage" priest speaking in the name of the sans-culottes.
Meanwhile Marat, home sick in his bath, was murdered by the royalist Charlotte Corday.
In August the national guards led by the Marseilles doctor Pierre Chaumette and the printer Antoine-Francois Momoro entered Paris despite the royal veto. Backed by Petion, Manuel, and thousands of citizens led by the brewers, in a bloody battle resulting in thousands of deaths on both sides, overthrew the Paris municipality led by Philippe Mandat, a royal ally, and established a new Commune led by Santerre.
On Vergniaud's proposal the Assembly in response voted to suspend the Executive power pending the election of a new National Convention, and on the proposal of his ally Jean Debry the Assembly voted without debate to make all male citizens over 25 electors, while rejecting the demand of Robespierre and Marat to have the Convention elected directly by the citizens rather than by electoral assemblies elected by them. All proposals vetoed by the king were immediately put into effect on a proposal of Vergniaud, and the Assembly passed an ordinance by the former bishop Francois Chabot, over opposition led by the marquis de Condorcet, a Lafayette ally, to abolish feudal dues without compensation. At this point Lafayette, whose dismissal, demanded by Dominique Anthoine, a Jewish house servant leading a Paris mob, had just been blocked by Vergniaud, deserted to the Austrians.
The assembly found and published letters detailing secret collusion between the king and queen and the Austrian and Prussian courts.
The left swept the elections in Paris and formed the Montagnard Party in the new assembly, while the provincial opposition to Paris was organized by the newly formed Girondins, with the majority of non-Paris deputies occupying the in-between position known as the Plaine.
The Montagnards supported by the Paris insurrection had the initiative in the new Convention and adopted the proposal of the actor and director Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois, supported by Gregoire, to abolish the monarchy; the proposal by Billaud-Varenne (opposed by the Girondin leader Marc Lasource, a Protestant minister) to order new elections for all judicial authorities nationwide, and the proposal by the journalist Jean-Lambert Tallien, opposed violently by Roland, to allow non-lawyers to be elected judges.
Following the September massacres the Girondins led by Lasource, the spice merchant Francois Rebecqui, Vergniaud, and the lawyer Charles Barbaroux denounced the left-wing "triumvirate" of Marat, Robespierre, and Danton. Danton resigned his new position as minister of justice, pledged to defend private property, and proposed the death penalty for anyone proposing a triumvirate or dictatorship, a proposal supported by Robespierre. Marat then rose and proposed to make himself dictator, a proposal denounced by Barbaroux and voted down by every other member of the assembly. But Georges Couthon, the wheelchair-bound lawyer from the Montagne, lauded Marat's honesty, pointed out that Danton and Robespierre had not supported him, and led a successful opposition to both Barbaroux's proposal to arrest the alleged triumvirs and Danton's proposal.
Roland and his ally Jean-Baptiste Louvet, an erotic novelist, again demanded Robespierre's arrest in November, and we're voted down, while Brissot was expelled by the Jacobins for supporting them.
Meanwhile Jean-Baptiste Mailhe, a lawyer of the Plaine, proposed the trial of the king for treason. This proposal was denounced by Saint-Just and Robespierre, who called for execution without trial, and by Vergniaud, who called for the electoral assemblies to vote on whether to try the king, but supported by Marat. The bishop Robert Lindet, then of the Plaine, led the prosecution, and he was convicted by the Convention. A proposal by Buzot to allow the assemblies to vote on his punishment and one by Petion to keep him as a hostage were defeated by Robespierre, who led the call for his execution.
In April 1793, following tumultuous months of war, rural and urban insurrection, and the treachery of Dumouriez, Lasource denounced Danton as an ally of Dumouriez. Danton responded by stirring up the Jacobins to demand the unseating of the Girondin deputies. Petion denounced Robespierre, who supported him, and Marat, who in turn denounced Petion. Guadet then had passed an act of accusation against Marat, who, supported by the left nationwide, was acquitted by the revolutionary tribunal and borne back to his seat in triumph by a mob led by Jacques Roux.
Desmoulins led a popular delegation of Paris printers and others to demand the arrest of several Girondin leaders. Petion demanded trial by the primary assemblies, but Vergniaud, hoping to avoid civil war, denounced the idea.
In May, Guadet demanded suppression of the Paris Commune. The Girondin journalist Bertrand Barere won passage of a substitute proposal to create a Commission of Twelve (appointed by the Girondin Convention and stacked with Girondins) to examine and "correct" the decisions of Paris. This commission immediately decreed the arrest of Hebert, the radical postal clerk Jean-Francois Varlet, and the leftist alderman Claude-Emmanuel Dobsen.
Delegates of the Commune led by Santerre protested the arrests and were met with threats by Isnard, president of the Convention. Claire Lacombe and the Club of Revolutionary Republican Women, backed by Robespierre, led demonstrations demanding freedom for the accused. The Montagnard lawyer Jacques-Alexis Thuriot led a proposal, backed by Danton and Robespierre over Isnard's objections, to dissolve the Commission of Twelve, free the accused men, and replace Isnard with Herault DE Sechelles.
Dobsen, Chaumette, and Francois Hanriot, a Paris clerk-turned-insurrectionary leader, invaded the Convention in league with Robespierre and Couthon to demand the resignation (Isnard and others) and/or arrest (Vergniaud, Brissot, Lanjuinais, Barbaroux, and others) of the leading Girondin deputies as well as the former Brissotin ministers.
The victorious Montagne, led by Couthon, Saint-Just, and Herault de Sechelles, passed a new constitution, supported by Robespierre but denounced by Jacques Roux, the radical "Enrage" priest speaking in the name of the sans-culottes.
Meanwhile Marat, home sick in his bath, was murdered by the royalist Charlotte Corday.