Kitsune (狐
?, IPA:
[kitsɯne] (
listen)) is the Japanese word for
fox. Foxes are a common subject of
Japanese folklore; in English,
kitsune refers to them in this context. Stories depict them as intelligent beings and as possessing
magical abilities that increase with their age and wisdom. Foremost among these is the ability to
assume human form. While some folktales speak of kitsune employing this ability to trick others—as foxes in folklore often do—other stories portray them as faithful guardians, friends, lovers, and wives.
Foxes and human beings lived close together in
ancient Japan; this companionship gave rise to legends about the creatures. Kitsune have become closely associated with
Inari, a
Shinto kami or spirit, and serve as its messengers. This role has reinforced the fox's
supernatural significance. The more tails a kitsune has—they may have as many as nine—the older, wiser, and more powerful it is. Because of their potential power and influence, some people make
offerings to them as to a deity.